Looks like bitcoin’s volatility drops below gold for a week or two at the extreme right side of the graph. Also for the first time since 2020 - perhaps the first time ever?

I think the ossified errors acquire during immersion learning (Phase 3) can be (largely) avoided by pushing your comprehension with a dictionary and daily tutoring or formalized self-study. That way your understanding progresses along with your comprehension and use, and you don’t end up inventing grammar to make do. It also helps to have started off with a foundation via some Phase 1 (academic study) +/- Phase 2 (media consumption). Have you traveled much to learn Spanish, or have you had good success with the Phase 2 media consumption approach?

Had never heard of Pimsleur, but reading about their method it makes sense. At the heart of the Phases you describe in your initial post is the most efficient method of learning a new language: go live there for a time and don’t speak anything else (coupled with carrying a dictionary everywhere and 30-60 minutes a day of formal grammar study either solo or with a tutor). Though for a formal method, Pimsleur’s description is the most convincing I have read. Agree that the gamified apps are probably a waste of time. I haven’t tried the “synthetic immersion” approach, consuming audio and video in that language from my native home though. I think for me it’s an access/ interest/ time issue. Traveling is much more fun :)